cascade aerator

In this method the water is allowed to fall over a series of concrete steps in thin film. During the fall, the water gets thoroughly mix with atmospheric air and it is aerated.

1400 year old tree still exist!!

The Angel Oak Tree is a Southern live oak located in Angel Oak
Park on Johns Island near Charleston,
South Carolina. The Angel Oak Tree is
estimated to be at least 400 and possibly
up to 1400 years old[ citation needed]. It
stands 66.5 ft (20 m) tall, measures 28 ft
(8.5 m) in circumference, and produces
shade that covers 17,200 square feet
(1,600 m2). Its longest branch distance is
187 ft. in length. Angel Oak was the
210th tree to be registered with the Live
Oak Society.

what is highway transportation? and Its importance

Highway transportation is the means of detail
distribution between homes, shops, factories,
e.t.c. It is only the roads which can carry
goods from and to aerodromes, harbours and
railway stations. Considering the utility of
roads anywhere in the different parts of a
country, they can be rightly compared to
arteries in a human body just as arteries
maintain man's health by providing
circulation of blood ; similarly roads promote
nation's wealth by keeping its people and
goods moving. Thus, we see that progress
and well-being of a nation depends much on
roads. In fact, roads are the life lines of
nation's economy.
The imporatance or necessity of highway
transportation can be easily judged from the
following purposes or advantages of roads:-
1. They facilitate conveyance of people,
goods, raw-materials, manufactured
articles, etc. speedily and easily in the
different parts of a country.
2. They act as the only source of
communication in regions of high altitude
i.e in mountainous regions.
3. They help in growth of trade and other
economy activities in and outside the
villages and towns by establishing contact
between towns and villages.
4. They help in providing efficient
distribution of agricultural products and
natural resources all over the country.
5. They help in price stabilization of
commodities due to mobility of products
all over the country.
6. They help in social and cultural
advancement of people and making the
villagers active and alert members of the
community.
7. They help in promoting the cultural and
social ties among people living in different
part of a country and thus strengthen the
national unity.
8. They help in providing improved medical
facilities quickly to human beings,
especially to those who live in rural areas.
9. They provide more employment
opportunities.
10. They enhance land value and thus bring
better revenue.
11. They serve as feeders for Airways,
Waterways and Railways.
12. They help in reducing distress among the
people, caused due to famine, by
supplying them food and clothing quickly.
Lastly, it can be sad that roads are the
symbol of country's progress and thus
development made by any country can be
judged by the quality and network of it's road
system.

Burma railway

The Burma Railway, also known as the
Death Railway, the Burma-Siam Railway, the
Thailand–Burma Railway and similar
names, was a 415 kilometres (258 mi)
railway between Bangkok, Thailand, and
Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar),
built by the Empire of Japan in 1943, to
support its forces in the Burma campaign
of World War II . The line was closed in
1947, but the section between Nong Pla
Duk and Nam Tok was reopened ten years
later in 1957. [1]
Forced labour was used in its construction.
About 180,000 Asian civilian labourers
(mainly romusha) and 60,000 Allied
prisoners of war (POWs) worked on the
railway. Of these, around 90,000 Asian
civilian labourers and 12,399 Allied POWs
died as a direct result of the project. The
dead POWs included 6,318 British
personnel, 2,815 Australians , 2,490 Dutch,
about 356 Americans, and about 20 POWs

$100 million worth Hindu temple built near Hollywood

One of the biggest Hindu temples in the US,
built at a whopping cost of $100 million near
the Hollywood city in Los Angeles has
become a major draw for its grandeur and
environment-friendly design, since its
inauguration.
The 68th Swaminarayan temple of
Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam
Swaminarayan Sanstha (BAPS) has been
built using 35,000 pieces of meticulously
hand carved Italian Carrara marble and
Indian Pink Sandstone, temple officials said.
BAPS said that it is first earthquake-proof
Mandir in the world and is expected to last
for 1,000 years.
“The Mandir is a beautiful testament to the
hard work of your congregation who has
spent several years to build this place of
worship,” Chino Hill Mayor Peter Rogers said.
“The Mandir and Cultural Center will indeed
be a place that Chino Hills can be proud of
for so many, many generations,” he said, at
the temple’s inauguration on December 23.
Using cutting edge technology to protect it
from earthquakes, the temple encompasses
five pinnacles, two large domes, four
balconies, 122 pillars and 129 archways.
The 6,600 hand-carved motifs depict a
mosaic of tales of inspiration, devotion and
dedication, along with historical figures from
Hinduism, temple officials said.
“Artisans created the carvings in India with
great love, skill and patience before the
pieces were shipped to Chino Hills,” a BAPS
statement said.
The Mandir is situated on a 20-acre site,
complete with 91 foot lotus-shaped reflection
pond, a Cultural Centre, gymnasium and
classrooms.
It is designed to “calm the mind and open it,”
said Ronak Patel, a volunteer of the BAPS
Swaminarayan Sanstha.
“The upper structure of the complex is
protected from earthquake damage by
separating it from the base with a series of
40 base-isolator units,” it said.
“The Mandir also uses a solar power system
to generate electricity and reduce adverse
effects on the environment. The Mandir
combines the best of traditional stone art and
architecture and the best of modern
technology,” said Divyesh Patel, a member of
the BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha.

Front Side Of Incredible Architecture Villa Ronde

The captivating Front Side Of Incredible
Architecture Villa Ronde image above is one of
the some pics from the main Smart Design of
Villa Ronde Project Green Roofed. The pic was
uploaded on September 12th, 2013.
If you are searching for thought to own,
collect, or buy the home pic in the future, the
home pic made by Home Design above are
some of the best you must have. So do not
lose your chance to watch those pic to be sure
your thought or you can also read the main
article Smart Design of Villa Ronde Project
Green Roofed.

Curved, Ultramodern Building Opens in Paris

The organic shape of the headquarters building
of the Fondation Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé,
which has been said to resemble a giant
armadillo, combines airy floor plans with
interior systems designed to protect the
foundation’s archives.
September 16, 2014—With a silhouette that
seems more aligned with the architectural
trends of new construction in London than
with those of Paris, the ultramodern, sloping
headquarters building of the Fondation
Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé has opened. Boasting
a curved, bulbous shape that has been
compared to an armadillo, the building is
nestled within a former courtyard in Paris’s
13th arrondissement. The bulbous roofline of
the structure peeks above a 19th-century
theater along the Avenue des Gobelins that is
known for the works on its facade sculpted by
Auguste Rodin, the creator of The Thinker and
The Kiss. Creating a building that would be
light and airy and offer carefully calibrated
archival conditions within such a historically
significant setting required the combination of
multiple structural systems within an unusual,
organic form.
The 2,200 m², five-story archive building was
designed by the Renzo Piano Building
Workshop, an internationally renowned
architecture firm that has offices in Paris, New
York City, and Genoa, Italy. The Paris-based
firm VP & Green Engineering completed the
structural design of the project.
The long, sloping building reaches a maximum
height of 25 m and is located within an 839
m² courtyard in the center of a triangular
block of historically important structures. The
courtyard was an original element of the
block, but its space had been taken by two
large buildings. Those buildings were
demolished, and the new building and a
surrounding garden have been constructed in
their place. The curved shape of the new
building, which descends belowground along
its length, gives the apartment buildings that
face the former courtyard better access to
light and air without compromising the
foundation’s needs, according to material
provided by the architects.
The main floors of the building will house
archives dedicated to cinematographic art and
the preservation of the heritage of Pathé, a
cinematography equipment and production
company, according to the architects. It will
also contain an underground screening room
with 70 seats and upper-level offices and
meeting space.
The goals of the owner for the new structure in
many ways seemed to be contradictory, as the
headquarters was to have airy office spaces,
archival spaces in which light and temperature
would be controlled, and a form that would
complement its venerable surroundings while
making its own architectural statement. For
this reason, multiple structural systems were
necessary. The resulting structure is a hybrid
of concrete and steel systems, according to
Jeremy Crossley, the structural engineer in
charge of the project for VP & Green, who
wrote in response to questions posed by Civil
Engineering online.

VOIDED SLAB – BUBBLE DECK TECHNOLOGY

In the 1950s, hollow-core slab were
invented. The voided or hollow core system
was created to reduce the weight of the
concrete from the system. This concept
removes and replaces concrete from center
of the slab, where it is less useful with
lighter material in order to decreases the
dead weight of concrete floor. However,
these hollow cavities significantly decrease
the slab resistance to shear and fire, thus
reduce its structural integrity.
Bubble deck slab is the slab in which some
amount of the concrete is replaced by the
plastic bubbles or ellipsoid which are made
by the waste plastic material, which
reduces the self-weight of the structure.
Design of this type of the slab is based on
the Euro and the British codes.
In the 1990s, a new system was invented,
eliminating the some of the problems. It is
used in Dutch: German invented by JORGEN
BREUNING. He locks ellipsoids between the
top and bottom reinforcement meshes,
thereby creating a natural cell structure,
acting like a solid slab.
The slab is created with the same
capabilities as a solid slab, but with
considerably less weight due to the
elimination of excessive concrete.